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Besag & Kempton (1986); Schabenberger & Gotway (2005) eqs (6.12)-(6.13): with first differences within a column homoscedastic and uncorrelated, Delta Z = Delta X tau + Delta e is an OLS model. Differencing removes the intercept, so treatment effects are contrasts with the first level, and sigma2 is the residual sum of squares over n - rank(X).

Usage

fdiffm(z, treatment, column = NULL, row = NULL)

Arguments

z

Numeric responses.

treatment

Treatment label of each plot.

column

Optional column of each plot; differences within a column.

row

Optional row of each plot, the order within a column.

Value

Named list: levels, tau, se, sigma2, df, n_differences.

References

Besag, J. & Kempton, R. (1986). Biometrics 42, 231-251. Schabenberger & Gotway (2005), eqs (6.12)-(6.13), p. 320.

Examples

fdiffm(c(1, 2.2, 2.9, 4.1, 5.3, 5.8), rep(c("a", "b"), 3))$tau
#> [1] 0.2