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rho_OLS = (e' W e) / (e' W^2 e), with e the OLS residual vector. Unlike the SAR case, this estimator is CONSISTENT for a one-parameter CAR model, so it is a principled estimate in its own right as well as a starting value for maximum likelihood.

Usage

car_rho_ols(Z, W, X = NULL)

Arguments

Z

Response, length n.

W

Symmetric adjacency weights (n by n).

X

Covariates (n by p); an intercept when NULL.

Value

Numeric scalar.

References

Schabenberger & Gotway (2005), p. 340, citing Haining (1990), p. 130.

Examples

car_rho_ols(Z = 5L, W = 5L)
#> [1] 0