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Mean squared difference of cumulative forecast and observed indicators over K ordered categories, divided by K - 1.

Usage

RankedProbabilityScore(probs, outcomes)

Arguments

probs

Matrix of forecast probabilities (rows) over ordered categories.

outcomes

Observed categories (1-based).

Value

list(rps, mean).

References

Epstein, E. S. (1969). A scoring system for probability forecasts of ranked categories. Journal of Applied Meteorology 8, 985-987.

Examples

RankedProbabilityScore(rbind(c(0.2, 0.5, 0.3)), 2)$rps
#> [1] 0.065