"""morie.siuiap -- Structured Intervention Unit Implementation Advisory Panel (federal).
NOTE: this is the FEDERAL Structured Intervention Unit Implementation
Advisory Panel module. It is distinct from `morie.siu`, which is the
ONTARIO Special Investigations Unit (police-oversight) automation
package. Both share the acronym SIU but refer to entirely different
agencies -- the rename siu_iap -> siuiap was made to avoid the underscore
prefix collision with `morie.siu/`.
The federal counterpart to Ontario's OTIS provincial restrictive-
confinement data is Canada's federal Structured Intervention Unit (SIU)
system, which replaced administrative segregation in federal penitentiaries
in 2019. From April 2021 to December 2024, the **Structured Intervention
Unit Implementation Advisory Panel (SIU IAP)** monitored federal SIU
implementation, chaired by **Howard Sapers** with members including
**Prof. Emeritus Anthony N. Doob** and **Prof. Jane B. Sprott**.
In addition to SIU IAP panel reports, this module also indexes:
- **CRIMSL UToronto research reports** (Sprott / Doob / Iftene
2020-2021): four independent academic reports on CSC's SIU
operation, the role of independent external decision makers,
the COVID-19 attribution claim, and solitary-confinement-as-torture
framing.
- **Doob 2020 Federal Court affidavit** (T-539-20): expert evidence
on CCRSO 2018 prisoner-flow + age + release statistics, used as
the source for the analyses replicated in `morie.doob_trends`.
This module exposes:
PANEL_MEMBERS -- list of SIU IAP members
REPORTS -- dict of SIU IAP panel reports (5)
CRIMSL_REPORTS -- dict of UToronto CRIMSL research reports (4)
AFFIDAVITS -- dict of Federal Court / inquest affidavits
PANEL_MANDATE -- text describing the panel's mandate
cite() -> str -- generate a citation string
It does NOT ingest data: SIU IAP outputs and CRIMSL papers are
qualitative / mixed-method PDFs. The federal SIU dataset itself
(CSC Research Branch) is not available as open data; this module
exists to make the federal context citable from morie analyses.
References
----------
Public Safety Canada. Structured Intervention Unit Implementation
Advisory Panel.
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/crrctns/siuiap-ccuis-en.aspx
Sapers, H. et al. (2024). Final Report -- Structured Intervention Unit
Implementation Advisory Panel.
Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, U. of Toronto.
Reports on Canada's Structured Intervention Units.
https://www.crimsl.utoronto.ca/news/reports-canada%27s-structured-intervention-units
"""
from __future__ import annotations
PUBLIC_SAFETY_CANADA_URL = "https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/cntrng-crm/crrctns/siuiap-ccuis-en.aspx"
PANEL_MANDATE = (
"The Structured Intervention Unit Implementation Advisory Panel "
"(SIU IAP) was appointed in April 2021 to monitor and assess the "
"implementation of Structured Intervention Units within Canada's "
"federal correctional system. The panel's mandate ended on "
"December 31, 2024. SIU IAP reports cover thematic areas including "
"mental health, Indigenous peoples in federal corrections, and the "
"implementation of the legislative framework that replaced "
"administrative segregation. "
"NOTE: An EARLIER, SHORT-LIVED Implementation Advisory Panel was "
"appointed in 2019 and chaired by Anthony Doob; it ceased to exist "
"in mid-2020 and was not re-established until April 2021 under "
"Howard Sapers. See ORIGINAL_PANEL_2019_2020 for the earlier panel."
)
# The earlier (Doob-chaired) panel established 2019, ceased mid-2020.
ORIGINAL_PANEL_2019_2020 = {
"name": "SIU-Implementation Advisory Panel (original, Doob-chaired)",
"established": "2019",
"dissolved": "mid-2020",
"chair": "Anthony N. Doob",
"context": (
"Established when SIUs opened in November 2019. Doob's "
"Federal Court affidavit (T-539-20) was filed in 2020 "
"after this panel had been dissolved. Sprott & Doob "
"(Feb 2021) explicitly note that this panel 'died a "
"natural death after the 1-year terms of its members "
"expired in mid-2020' and was not re-established until "
"April 2021 (under Sapers, with new membership)."
),
"source": ("Sprott & Doob, *Solitary Confinement, Torture, and Canada's SIUs* (Feb 2021), p.7 footnote 7"),
}
PANEL_MEMBERS = [
{"name": "Howard Sapers", "role": "Chair", "context": "Former Correctional Investigator of Canada"},
{
"name": "Anthony N. Doob",
"role": "Member",
"context": "Prof. Emeritus, Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, U. of Toronto",
},
{
"name": "Jane B. Sprott",
"role": "Member",
"context": "Prof., Department of Criminology, Toronto Metropolitan University",
},
]
REPORTS = {
"final_2024": {
"title": "SIU IAP Final Report",
"year": 2024,
"type": "Final Report",
"publisher": "Public Safety Canada",
"authors": ["SIU IAP"],
},
"annual_2023_2024": {
"title": "2023-2024 Annual Report",
"year": 2024,
"type": "Annual Report",
"notes": "Includes government responses",
"publisher": "Public Safety Canada",
"authors": ["SIU IAP"],
},
"preliminary_observations": {
"title": "Preliminary Observations",
"year": 2022,
"type": "Preliminary",
"publisher": "Public Safety Canada",
"authors": ["SIU IAP"],
},
"thematic_mental_health": {
"title": "Thematic update -- mental health in SIUs",
"year": 2023,
"type": "Thematic update",
"publisher": "Public Safety Canada",
"authors": ["SIU IAP"],
},
"thematic_indigenous": {
"title": "Thematic update -- Indigenous peoples in SIUs",
"year": 2023,
"type": "Thematic update",
"publisher": "Public Safety Canada",
"authors": ["SIU IAP"],
},
}
# ── CRIMSL UToronto Sprott / Doob / Iftene research reports ────────
# Listed at https://www.crimsl.utoronto.ca/news/reports-canada%27s-
# structured-intervention-units. These are independent academic
# research reports, distinct from the federally-appointed SIU IAP
# 2021 paper on independent external decision makers.**
CRIMSL_REPORTS = {
"sprott_doob_csc_siu_operation_2020": {
"title": (
"Understanding the Operation of Correctional Service "
"Canada's Structured Intervention Units: Some Preliminary "
"Findings"
),
"authors": ["Jane B. Sprott", "Anthony N. Doob"],
"year": 2020,
"month": "October",
"publisher": ("Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto"),
"type": "Research Report",
"notes": ("First systematic outside analysis of CSC's published SIU data showing patterns of prolonged stays."),
},
"sprott_doob_covid_attribution_2020": {
"title": (
"Is there Clear Evidence that COVID-19 Was the Cause of "
"Problems with the Operation of CSC's Structured "
"Intervention Units?"
),
"authors": ["Jane B. Sprott", "Anthony N. Doob"],
"year": 2020,
"month": "November",
"publisher": ("Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto"),
"type": "Research Report",
"notes": (
"Tests CSC's claim that COVID-19 caused SIU operational "
"problems; finds the data did not support this attribution."
),
},
"sprott_doob_torture_solitary_2021": {
"title": ("Solitary Confinement, Torture, and Canada's Structured Intervention Units"),
"authors": ["Jane B. Sprott", "Anthony N. Doob"],
"year": 2021,
"month": "February",
"publisher": ("Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal Studies, University of Toronto"),
"type": "Research Report",
"url": (
"https://www.crimsl.utoronto.ca/sites/www.crimsl.utoronto.ca/"
"files/TortureSolitarySIUsSprottDoob23Feb2021_0.pdf"
),
"notes": (
"Frames prolonged SIU stays in relation to the Mandela Rules / international torture-norm thresholds."
),
},
"sprott_doob_iftene_external_decision_makers_2021": {
"title": (
"Do Independent External Decision Makers Ensure that "
"\"An Inmate's Confinement in a Structured Intervention "
'Unit Is to End as Soon as Possible"? [Corrections '
"and Conditional Release Act, Section 33]"
),
"authors": ["Jane B. Sprott", "Anthony N. Doob", "Adelina Iftene"],
"affiliations": [
"Ryerson University",
"University of Toronto",
"Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University",
],
"year": 2021,
"month": "May",
"date": "2021-05-09",
"publisher": (
"Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University "
"(Schulich Law Scholars / Reports & Public Policy "
"Documents) -- Faculty Scholarship; with companion "
"release at Centre for Criminology & Sociolegal "
"Studies, University of Toronto"
),
"url": ("https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=reports"),
"alternate_url": "https://works.bepress.com/adelina-iftene/34/",
"type": "Research Report",
"n_iedm_stays_reviewed": 265,
"notes": (
"Evaluates IEDM reviews under CCRA s.37.8. N=265 "
"stays. Headline findings: 87% of IEDM 'stay-in' "
"decisions ⇒ prisoner remains; 30% of cases CSC "
"moved prisoner BEFORE IEDM rendered decision; "
"12 IEDMs varied 38%–86% on 'should remain' rate; "
"105 cases ≥76 days in SIU with NO IEDM record "
"(5 cases ≥120 days). Indigenous = 40.4% of "
"reviewed stays; Black = 15.8% (over-represented "
"with respect to Canadian Black population)."
),
},
}
# ── Federal Court affidavits / expert evidence ─────────────────────
AFFIDAVITS = {
"doob_t_539_20_2020": {
"title": ("Affidavit of Anthony N. Doob -- Federal Court of Canada, T-539-20"),
"authors": ["Anthony N. Doob"],
"year": 2020,
"court": "Federal Court of Canada",
"file_no": "T-539-20",
"case": (
"Canadian Civil Liberties Association, Canadian Prison "
"Law Association, HIV Legal Network, HALCO, & Sean "
"Johnston v. Attorney General of Canada"
),
"volume": "Application Record Vol. 3 of 5",
"pages": "778-795 (Bates-stamped)",
"type": "Expert Affidavit",
"notes": (
"Source for Tables 1-3 + Figures 1-4 replicated in "
"morie.doob_trends. CCRSO 2018 + StatsCan CANSIM "
"+ Pastore-Maguire (US)."
),
},
}
[docs]
def cite(report_id: str = "final_2024") -> str:
"""Build a citation string for an SIU IAP / CRIMSL / affidavit entry.
Searches REPORTS, CRIMSL_REPORTS, and AFFIDAVITS in order.
>>> cite("final_2024")
'SIU IAP (2024). SIU IAP Final Report. Public Safety Canada.'
>>> "Sprott" in cite("sprott_doob_torture_solitary_2021")
True
"""
for d in (REPORTS, CRIMSL_REPORTS, AFFIDAVITS):
if report_id in d:
r = d[report_id]
authors = ", ".join(r.get("authors", ["SIU IAP"]))
year = r["year"]
title = r["title"]
publisher = r.get("publisher", r.get("court", "Public Safety Canada"))
return f"{authors} ({year}). {title}. {publisher}."
raise KeyError(
f"unknown report_id {report_id!r}; "
f"available REPORTS: {sorted(REPORTS)}; "
f"CRIMSL_REPORTS: {sorted(CRIMSL_REPORTS)}; "
f"AFFIDAVITS: {sorted(AFFIDAVITS)}"
)
[docs]
def panel_summary() -> str:
"""Human-readable summary of the SIU IAP panel."""
members = ", ".join(f"{m['name']} ({m['role']})" for m in PANEL_MEMBERS)
return (
f"Structured Intervention Unit Implementation Advisory Panel "
f"(SIU IAP). Federal counterpart to Ontario's OTIS provincial "
f"data. Chair: Howard Sapers (former Correctional Investigator). "
f"Members: {members}. Panel mandate: 2021-04 to 2024-12. "
f"Page: {PUBLIC_SAFETY_CANADA_URL}"
)